| SUMMARY:
ROYAL CANIN Veterinary DietTM/MC
canine CALORIE CONTROL CCTM/MC IN GEL (canned), and CALORIE
CONTROL 25TM/MC (dry) are highly palatable, complete diets
formulated to promote weight loss in overweight or obese dogs. The diets
should be used as part of a weight loss program in combination with behavioral
management and, where appropriate, an exercise program.
| INDICATIONS:
|
CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
| -- |
For weight loss
in overweight or obese adult dogs |
-- |
Growing
puppies |
| |
|
-- |
Pregnant
or lactating bitches |
| |
|
-- |
Dogs
with high energy requirements (e.g., working dogs) |
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RATIONALE:
Obesity is considered to be the most common form of malnutrition encountered
in small animal practice. Obesity is the result of an energy intake in
excess of requirements. The dietary management of obesity, therefore,
involves restricting energy intake while still delivering all essential
nutrients.
Nutrient
Levels Increased Relative to Energy:
There are two ways of restricting energy delivery to an overweight dog;
by feeding less of the dog’s regular diet or by feeding a specially
designed weight loss diet. Maintenance diets are balanced for normal energy
intake. When the intake of a maintenance diet is restricted, the intake
of all essential nutrients is restricted. This approach can lead to deficiencies
in protein, vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. A properly
designed weight loss diet, on the other hand, provides higher levels of
all essential nutrients relative to energy. This ensures that when calories
are restricted nutrient delivery is not. Canine CALORIE CONTROL CCTM/MC
IN GEL (canned) and CALORIE CONTROL 25TM/MC
(dry) have increased levels of protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins,
and minerals relative to calories to avoid nutritional deficiencies during
calorie restriction. When fed as directed, this diet ensures delivery
of all essential nutrients.
Normal Fiber
Content:
Many weight loss diets contain elevated levels of dietary fiber as a bulking
agent to control hunger. Data from studies performed at the Waltham Centre
for Pet Nutrition have demonstrated that the addition of either soluble
or insoluble fiber, at moderate or high levels, has no effect on satiety
or feeding behavior in dogs. Moreover, high levels of dietary fiber can
be associated with several negative effects including greatly increased
stool volume (which often leads to house soiling), reduced nutrient availability,
poor palatability, and poor compliance. Canine CALORIE CONTROL CCTM/MC
IN GEL (canned) and CALORIE CONTROL 25TM/MC
(dry) have normal fiber levels to maintain high palatability and promote
normal stool volume. The result is better compliance and a greater likelihood
of successful weight loss.
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Steps
for a Successful Weight Loss Program:
| 1. |
Use appropriate diagnostic screening to eliminate other
possible causes of obesity (e.g., endocrine disorders). |
| 2. |
Counsel the owner on the need to reduce weight in order to promote
health, longevity, and reduce the risk of secondary disorders which
may be exacerbated by excessive weight (e.g., joint disease, diabetes
mellitus, cardiac disease). |
| 3. |
Weigh the dog and set a target weight representing at least 85%
of the initial body weight (i.e., 15% reduction in body weight). In
general, the target weight should be no more than 15% of the dog’s
current weight. If necessary, repeat the weight loss program to achieve
normal body weight for the dog’s breed and size. |
| 4. |
Determine the energy required for weight loss by consulting the
feeding guides or by using the equation:
energy for weight loss kcal/day = 55 x [initial
body weight (kg)0.75] |
| 5. |
Determine the amount to feed by consulting the feeding guides or
by using the kcal requirements and kcal/cup or kcal/can values provided
in this guide. |
| 6. |
Define a time frame for the weight loss to occur. Most dogs will
achieve a 15% weight loss after 90 days on CALORIE CONTROL CCTM/MC
IN GEL (canned) or CALORIE CONTROL 25TM/MC
(dry). |
| 7. |
Set weekly appointm/mcents for the dog to come
into the clinic for body weight determination so that progress can
be tracked and positive results reinforced. Owners are more likely
to be motivated to continue the program if the dog’s weight
is recorded after each weigh in. A simple graph of progress should
be kept up to date. |
| 8. |
Synthesizing digestive enzymes requires energy. Metabolizing
food can represent as much as 10% of a dog’s daily energy requirements.
Eating several small meals a day uses more energy than eating a single
large meal and will help expend energy during weight loss. |
| 9. |
The calorie content of any treats or snacks should
be taken into consideration when calculating the food requirements
for the dog. Suggest replacing high calorie treats with lower calorie
treats such as fruit, vegetables, rice, or even ice cubes. Treats
should be limited to less than 10% of daily caloric intake. |
| 10. |
In multi-pet households, the access to other pets’
food should be restricted. |
| 11 |
Encourage the owner to exercise the dog. Swimming is
a beneficial form of exercise for dogs with concurrent arthritic disease.
Exercise increases energy expenditure and promotes the preservation
of lean body mass during weight loss. |
| 12. |
For dogs that are particularly resistant to weight
loss, feeding canned ROYAL CANIN Veterinary DietTM/MC
canine CALORIE CONTROL CC TM/MC
GEL (canned) may be beneficial. Canned diets, with their increased
moisture content and lower caloric density, are often found to be
satisfying for the dog. |
| 13. |
Ensure fresh drinking water is available at all times. |
| 14. |
Ensure that no additional family members or neighbors
are feeding the dog. |
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REFERENCES:
Diez M, Nguyen P, Jeusette I, et al.
Weight loss in obese dogs: evaluation of a high-protein, low carbohydrate
diet. J. Nutr 2002, 1685s-1687s.
Diez M, Nguyen P, Jeusette I, et
al. Evaluation of a high protein, low carbohydrate diet in obese beagle
dogs. Proceedings of the 11th ESCVIM Congress, Dublin Sept 5-8, 2001 p141.
Diez M, Nguyen P, Blanckeart C,
et al. Management of weight loss in obese client-owned dogs - Proceedings
of the Waltham International Symposium, Pet Nutrition Coming of age. Vancouver,
Canada August 7-8, 2001, p 46.
Diez M, Nguyen P, Jeusette I, et
al. Weight loss in obese experimental dogs – Evaluation of a high
protein, low carbohydrate diet. Proceedings of the Waltham International
Symposium, Pet Nutrition Coming of age. Vancouver, Canada August 7-8,
2001, p45.
Butterwick RF, Hawthorne AJ. Advances
in dietary management of obesity in dogs and cats. J Nutr 1998;128:2771S-2775S.
Earle KE, Kienzle E, Opitz B, et
al. Fiber affects digestibility of organic matter and energy in pet foods.
J Nutr 1998;128:2798S-2800S.
Hawthorne AJ, Butterwick RF. The
satiating effect of a diet containing jojoba meal in dogs. J Nutr 1998;128:2669S-2670S.
Butterwick R.F., Markwell P.J. Effect
of amount and type of dietary fiber on food intake in energy-restricted
dogs. Am J Vet Res 1997;58:272-276t.
Markwell PJ, Butterwick RF. Recent
Research in the management of obesity in cats and dogs. Waltham Focus
1997;6(1)25-29.
Markwell PJ, Butterwick RF, Wills
JM, et al. Clinical studies in the management of obesity in dogs and cats.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994;18:S39-S43.
Butterwick RF, Markwell PJ, Thorne
CJ. Effect of level and source of dietary fiber on food intake in the
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Butterwick RF, Markwell PJ. Effect
of level and source of dietary fiber on food intake in the dog. Proceedings
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Butterwick RF, Markwell PJ. Effect
of level and type of dietary fiber on food intake in the dog. J Vet Intern
Med 1994;8:153.
Butterwick RF, Markwell PJ. Effect
of level and source of dietary fiber on food intake in the dog. Proceedings
of the Waltham Symposium on the Nutrition of Companion Animals: 1993;p
81.
Markwell PJ, van Erk W, Parkin GD,
et al. Obesity in the Dog. J Small Anim Pract 1990;31:533-537.
Holler K, Holler W,
Steininger E. Untersuchungen uber eine neue Reduktionsdiat beim Hund.
Wiener Tierarztlicher Monatschrift 1989;76:259-262.
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